Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Diagnostic Challenges and Factors Associated with Mortality

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the diagnostic challenges and factors associated with mortality in acute mesenteric ischemia. This is a descriptive and analytical review conducted through searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, using descriptors related to mesenteric ischemia, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and mortality. Original full-text studies evaluating clinical, laboratory, radiological, and therapeutic aspects of the disease were included. The results demonstrated that acute mesenteric ischemia has a high mortality rate, often associated with delayed diagnosis and progression to intestinal necrosis. Nonspecific clinical presentation and limitations of diagnostic methods significantly contribute to delays in management. Additionally, elevated lactate levels, advanced age, organ dysfunction, and high clinical scores were strongly associated with worse prognosis. It is concluded that acute mesenteric ischemia is a time-dependent condition, making early recognition, rapid intervention, and more accurate diagnostic strategies essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.