Escolha dos anestésicos na anestesia geral baseado nos efeitos colaterais no pós-operatório cirúrgico: uma revisão narrativa de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: General anesthesia involves the use of different classes of drugs, which may be associated with the occurrence of side effects in the postoperative period. Objective: To evaluate the different types of anesthetics used in general anesthesia and their postoperative side effects. Methods: A literature review was conducted using the SciELO, Google Scholar, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, including articles in Portuguese and English published between 2008 and 2021. Four articles were selected, in addition to one book used as complementary literature. Results: The studies identified postoperative complications related to general anesthesia, including respiratory alterations, need for supplemental oxygen, hypotension, hypothermia, pain, and cognitive changes. The complementary literature demonstrated the combined use of different classes of drugs, such as hypnotics, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents. Conclusion: Postoperative effects do not depend exclusively on the anesthetics used, but are also influenced by patient characteristics, the surgical procedure, and perioperative management. Thus, knowledge of anesthetics and their possible effects contributes to safer patient care.