Suicide Attempts in Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments: Associations Between Method Used, Clinical Severity, Hospital Admission, and Recurrence of Suicidal Behavior

Abstract

Suicide attempts represent a major public health concern and an important demand on emergency services because of the potential for clinical complications and recurrent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of suicide attempts among adults, the relationship between the methods used and the severity of physical consequences, factors associated with hospital admission, and continuity of care following emergency treatment. An integrative literature review was conducted using a qualitative approach and narrative synthesis of the findings. The literature search considered studies involving adults treated for suicide attempts in emergency departments, with emphasis on clinical and healthcare outcomes. The thematic synthesis highlighted the importance of assessing physical complications, previous suicidal behavior, mental health conditions, and psychosocial factors. It also emphasized that clinical stabilization does not eliminate the need for psychosocial assessment and discharge planning. Evidence on brief interventions indicates that safety planning, active follow-up after discharge, and linkage to specialized care may help reduce subsequent attempts and improve continuity of care. In conclusion, emergency management should integrate clinical stabilization, individualized assessment, and structured prevention strategies, supported by coordination between emergency services and the mental health network.