Infections in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplant Recipients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21612775Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease, Kidney transplantation, Infections, Immunosuppression, Antimicrobial resistanceAbstract
Infections are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients, mainly due to immune dysfunction, dialysis therapies, and long-term immunosuppressive treatment. The present study aimed to review the main scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infections in this population. This systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The analyzed studies demonstrated that bacterial, viral, and fungal infections remain major causes of hospitalization, graft loss, and mortality. Early diagnosis through microbiological and molecular methods, combined with prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, cytomegalovirus and BK virus monitoring, vaccination, and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship significantly reduced infectious complications. Furthermore, increasing antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the greatest challenges in the management of these patients. It is concluded that preventive strategies, multidisciplinary follow-up, and individualized treatment are essential to optimize clinical outcomes, preserve graft function, and reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Eduardo Amorim Sprocati, Carolina Mazutti Michel
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